Which Metrics Are Truly Scientifically Validated?

Milena Lisboa

Sports watches, cycling computers, sensors, and training apps generate an enormous amount of data. Estimated VO₂ max, training load, readiness, heart rate variability, power, pace, and many other metrics promise to help athletes train more...

What Is VO₂ Max?

Milena Lisboa

VO₂ max is one of the most widely used indicators of aerobic fitness. It represents the maximum amount of oxygen the body can take in, transport, and use during progressively intense exercise until exhaustion. The...

Why Does Exercise Affect the Gut?

Milena Lisboa

Abdominal discomfort, nausea, a feeling of fullness, and even episodes of diarrhea are common complaints among endurance athletes. While many people associate these symptoms solely with nutrition, exercise itself causes physiological changes that can directly...