Does Cold Weather Increase Our Energy Expenditure?
It is common to hear that winter makes the body "burn more calories." While there is some truth to this idea, the answer depends on the intensity of the cold, the duration of exposure, and...
Which Metrics Are Truly Scientifically Validated?
Sports watches, cycling computers, sensors, and training apps generate an enormous amount of data. Estimated VO₂ max, training load, readiness, heart rate variability, power, pace, and many other metrics promise to help athletes train more...
When Should You Trust the Numbers and When Should You Listen to Your Body?
Endurance athletes rely on data every day. Heart rate, power output, pace, VO₂ max, heart rate variability (HRV), training load, and many other metrics help guide important decisions. At the same time, sensations such as...
What Is VO₂ Max?
VO₂ max is one of the most widely used indicators of aerobic fitness. It represents the maximum amount of oxygen the body can take in, transport, and use during progressively intense exercise until exhaustion. The...
What Happens to Metabolism When an Athlete Competes on Consecutive Weekends?
Frequent competitions are part of the routine for many endurance athletes. Running races, cycling events, triathlons, and other endurance competitions may take place on consecutive weekends, requiring the body to recover quickly in order...
Why Does Exercise Affect the Gut?
Abdominal discomfort, nausea, a feeling of fullness, and even episodes of diarrhea are common complaints among endurance athletes. While many people associate these symptoms solely with nutrition, exercise itself causes physiological changes that can directly...